Mark Twain used the term Gilded Age for 1870 to 1890 Essay

Mark Twain used the term Gilded Age for 1870 to 1890 - Essay Example He has undertaken investigative process pertaining to the assessment of the different facets. He has assessed the social aspect of the American society, the political pillar and the institutions, their overall outlook, their affectivity, the presence and the parallel absence of institutions in United States of America. This also includes the comparison with the other parts of the world, notably France and Great Britain. All these have been put up in a satirical manner. Administratively the entire nation’s budget netted to a meager amount of 500 million dollars(twain).The expression Gilded state has been used in irony. The tracing of lexical meaning of the word Gilded is being pretentious and outwardly shinning and attractive. The same principle and phenomena has been presented by Mark Twain in his study and assessment of the American nation. Mark Twain was born in 1835 near Florida (Twain). He has referred to the American nation in a broader way as a Gild state. That is outwar dly and pretentiously attractive yet from inside it is marred with all kinds of miseries, troubles and issues within.On social front, the country and its people were fresh from a civil war that had plagued the roots of the nation and its society. It was fresh from the bleeding of over around 600,000 citizens. The people were segmented within with regard to the acceptance for one another. The Southern part was gulfed from the other parts of the country and had little feeling of benevolence for one another.

Leadership Assessment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Leadership Assessment - Essay Example This will encourage them to work harder as well as take an interest in the goals and ambitions of the organization as they do not wish to be responsible for its failure to achieve them. This leadership style allows for the discussion of various issues and the input of all the employees involved in the making of a decision. The organization operates under a Divisional structure that is designed to enhance team development within the organization. This structure functions through grouping each organizational function into a division that is staffed with the necessary individuals and requirements in order to operate efficiently (Robbins & Judge, 2007). For example, the financial aspects of the organization will be dealt with by the finance division of the organization. This allows for the negation of any potential confusion and allows for an individual to hone their relationship skills within the workplace. This is because every division can be considered to be a team thus the emphasis on team development whereby individuals in the same division need to work together and with other divisions to reach the organization’s goals thus developing the relationship skills of the employees as a result (Robbins & Judge, 2007). The performance of the Company CEO in terms of ethical behavior and communication can be considered to be of a high level as he was successful in getting his employees to understand what he needed from them in a way that motivated the various individuals to give their best in the tasks that they were handed (Deckers, 2010). His ethics were also impressive as at no time did he show favoritism to one particular individual or group and operated on a basis of deserved merit when dealing with his employees. This led to the employees being motivated to improve on their work performance as they were encouraged by the fact that only their hard work would be the basis for recognition by the company meaning that everyone in the organization had a fair ch ance at climbing up the ladder. There are various practices that an organizational leader can use to motivate their employees to improve their work ethic. Some of these practices include the issuing of rewards for jobs well done. This will motivate an employee to give their best in whatever their working on as they try to achieve this award (Deckers, 2010). The reward in itself does not have to be a major gift and could be simple such as an additional off day for the employee, a gift card or any small token of appreciation that makes the individual feel the company has recognized the good work they have done. Another way of motivating employees can be through the hosting of social events for the workers. This could be a way of saying "thank you" for the hard work and will motivate them to make their company proud through the work that they do (Deckers, 2010). These events could be Christmas or other holiday parties or even hosting a birthday party for the longest serving employee in the company for example. A third practice in motivating employees is the issuing of equity shares to the workers that will make them feel like they are part of the company therefore its success will be their success. Diversity is an issue that can bring about a

HCL Corporate Ethics Essay Example for Free

HCL Corporate Ethics Essay * Code of ethics statement:- HCL Core Values: * To uphold the dignity of the individual: In line with HCLT ‘s â€Å"Employees First† philosophy, wherein employees are the organization main focus, they place significant emphasis on the respect and dignity of every HCLT employee. HCLT employees are empowered to drive innovation, transforming client engagements and markedly improving client satisfaction. HCLT believes in valuing employees as individuals (not resources), upholding the dignity of all people and displaying tolerance and respect. * To honor all commitments: They keep their commitments to each other and with every stakeholder. * Commitment to quality, innovation and growth in every endeavor: HCLT is committed to supporting quality processes and employee productivity through a working environment and culture in which they feel appreciated and allow innovation to thrive. * To be responsible corporate citizens: They believe in encouraging a sense of social responsibility and to give back to society. They take pride in being a company with a strong social conscience. They firmly believe that every drop counts and every step aimed at helping the community is an important step. Their commitment to making a positive difference to the community and the environment in which they operate is a sustained effort and not just a one-off initiative. EFCS culture at HCL: They create value in a specific place, the interface between their HCLT employees and their customers. This is called the â€Å"value zone.† The â€Å"Employees First, Customers Second† (EFCS) philosophy is about placing the employees first and customers second to activate the value zone the place where the frontline employees interact with customers and create real value for them. This recognizes employees as the strategic elements, turns the management structure upside down and democratizes HCLT‟s functions and way of working. Every employee who works in the value zone is capable of creating more or less value. The whole intent of EFCS is to do everything that can enable those employees to create the most possible value. This approach has led us to take a number of actions to turn the organizational pyramid upside down. In other words, they want management to be as accountable to the people in the value zone as the people in the value zone are to management. Their recruitment and promotion policies are based on meritocracy and ability to learn, adapt and assimilate change. They ensure equal opportunities irrespective of gender, nationality, disability, sexual orientation, religion or ethnicity in hiring, pay and/or career advancement. They focus on promoting workplace diversity and have specific supplier vendor diversity programs.

Essay --

Brazilian Carnival History is more in-depth and more interesting than many people might think. There is a lot more to Carnival than simply parties. The pre-Lent festivities known as carnival originated in Italy in the 1400s. The tradition spread rapidly among Catholic countries in Europe and was in the end adopted in the Americas, taking hold especially in the devoutly Catholic nation of Brazil. The Carnival of Brazil is a festival annually held Friday to Tuesday before Ash Wednesday, which marks the beginning of Lent, the forty-day period before Easter. On certain days of Lent, Roman Catholics and some other Christians traditionally restrain themselves from the consumption of meat and poultry. This is where the term "carnival" comes from, carnelevare, which means "to remove meat." Carnival has roots in the pagan festival of Saturnalia which was adopted in Catholicism becoming a goodbye to things in a season of religious discipline to practice repentance and prepare for Christ's dea th and resurrection. The Brazilian Carnival has gone from being just a party before the silence of Lent to being a major production. It can be traced back to Christian traditions, African influences and Brazilian Indians. Each part of Brazil has developed its own particular style for Carnival. The history of the carnival has multiple influences. Modern Brazilian Carnival History started in the 1800's. Throughout the 1800's a cobbler named Josà © Nogueira de Azevedo started having parades with his friends and family. In 1855 a more organized parade called the Grandes Sociedades, or Great Societies was held. In 1870 a more common parade began, complete with traditions of wearing masks and costumes. Samba Schools are a big 20th Century Part of Brazilian Car... ...ed, and a little something from the food stands that line the festival area. After the parade most festival participants indulge in the country's record famous dish, feijoada. Feijoada can be made in a countless number of varieties. However, in Brazil it nearly always has black beans and always includes a mixture of salted, smoked and fresh meats. Some types are a little spicy from the sausages while others are absolutely mild. Some people’s feijoadas are thick while others are more similar to a traditional stew. Regardless of the variation it is customary to serve this stew with white rice, black beans, and hearts of palm salad, hot peppers, and orange slices. I chose this holiday because it has many parties, different types of music, and amazing costumes. It is a huge festival that attracts many people from different places to just have fun and enjoy themselves.

Balkan Wars

The Balkan Wars represent a historical period in Greece.   Why are these wars so important? Why did it occur in the first place? Which countries are involved, and why? Moreover, what were the political, social, cultural and economic conditions of Greece back then? The Balkan Wars consists of two battles that occurred from 1912 to 1913 (Papacosma 38).   These wars were fought on the onset of the apparent decline of the Ottoman Empire, and were founded on the neighboring countries’ desire to divide the territories (Perry 487).   In 1908, a group called the â€Å"Young Turks,† revolted in an effort to restore the empire, but to no avail (Perry 487).   After the revolt, Bulgaria and Serbia both wanted to acquire a part in the Turkish territories in Europe, like Macedonia (Papacosma 38). Thus, both countries agreed to a â€Å"treaty of mutual assistance† on March 13, 1912 (Papacosma 38).   On May 29, 1912, Greece made an agreement with Bulgaria (Papacosma 38).   In the latter part September of the same year, Montenegro also had an agreement with Bulgaria and Serbia (Papacosma 38).   Thus, the Balkan League was formed; it consisted of Bulgaria, Serbia, Greece and Montenegro. The first Balkan War occurred when the Balkan League waged war on Turkey on October 8, 1912 (Papacosma 38).   The Balkan League was successful in their endeavor, and the Ottoman Empire was forced to surrender its European territories to the Balkan League on the grounds of the Treaty of London (Papacosma 38).   This treaty was signed on May 30, 1913 (Papacosma 38). Unfortunately, the division of the territories caused disagreement among the Balkan League (Perry 487).   This disagreement was the reason for the second Balkan War.   Bulgaria objected Greece and Serbia’s claims to Macedonia (Papacosma 38).   On June 30, 1913, Bulgaria attacked its former allies (Papacosma 38).   Soon after, Romania and Turkey joined forces with Greece and Serbia to fight Bulgaria (Papacosma 38).   Bulgaria was badly defeated, and was forced to sign the Treaty of Bucharest, which removed all of Bulgaria’s newly acquired territories (Papacosma 38). The overall condition of Greece during the period of the Balkan Wars was problematic.   It was King George who governed Greece at that time, and as a result of the war, Thessaloniki became a Greek territory (Barrett).   In March 1913, it was in Thessaloniki where King George was assassinated (Barrett).   Constantine I assumed the throne soon after (Barrett).   Then there was the presence of Eleftherios Venizelos, who became prime minister three years prior (Barrett). Venizelos had many supporters, but it did not include the king (Barrett).   Venizelos resigned on June 1913, and was elected again only to be forced to resign on October (Barrett).   In Thessaloniki, Venizelos formed a â€Å"provisional government of the New Hellas† (Barrett).   Meanwhile, King Constantine's government was attacked by the French and British because they want Greece to join the war (Barrett).   This forced the king to leave Greece, and was soon replaced by Alexander, the second son of George (Barrett). The beginning of the 20th century found the navy of Greece in a poor state.   At that time, Greece only had three battleships and several torpedo boats (Barrett).   Fortunately, there was a battleship that the Italian navy purchased, but did not use (Barrett).   Greece bought the said ship, and named it after George Averof, a rich patron (Barrett).   This ship was extremely helpful during the Balkan Wars (Barrett). Greek society was unstable as well.   In 1912, villages were attacked and ransacked by the Turkish army (Barrett).   Many Greeks were killed and properties were destroyed.   The villages that were affected include those located in Didymotichon, Adrianopoli and Malgara (Barrett). Hence, amidst social distress and political instability, Greece came to war to fight the Ottoman Empire.   It was indeed victorious, not only in the war, but also in improving the current state that Greece was in. Works Cited Barrett, Matt. â€Å"Venizelos and the Asia Minor Catastrophe.† History of Greece. ;http://www.ahistoryofgreece.com/venizelos.htm;. Papacosma, S. Victor. â€Å"Balkan Wars.† Lexicon Universal Encyclopedia. New York: Lexicon Publications, Inc., 1992. 38. Perry, Marvin. A History of the World. Revised ed. Boston Massachusetts: Houghton Mifflin Company, 1989. Pounds, Norman. â€Å"Balkans.† Lexicon Universal Encyclopedia. New York: Lexicon Publications, Inc., 1992. 38. Balkan Wars The Balkan Wars represent a historical period in Greece.   Why are these wars so important? Why did it occur in the first place? Which countries are involved, and why? Moreover, what were the political, social, cultural and economic conditions of Greece back then? The Balkan Wars consists of two battles that occurred from 1912 to 1913 (Papacosma 38).   These wars were fought on the onset of the apparent decline of the Ottoman Empire, and were founded on the neighboring countries’ desire to divide the territories (Perry 487).   In 1908, a group called the â€Å"Young Turks,† revolted in an effort to restore the empire, but to no avail (Perry 487).   After the revolt, Bulgaria and Serbia both wanted to acquire a part in the Turkish territories in Europe, like Macedonia (Papacosma 38). Thus, both countries agreed to a â€Å"treaty of mutual assistance† on March 13, 1912 (Papacosma 38).   On May 29, 1912, Greece made an agreement with Bulgaria (Papacosma 38).   In the latter part September of the same year, Montenegro also had an agreement with Bulgaria and Serbia (Papacosma 38).   Thus, the Balkan League was formed; it consisted of Bulgaria, Serbia, Greece and Montenegro. The first Balkan War occurred when the Balkan League waged war on Turkey on October 8, 1912 (Papacosma 38).   The Balkan League was successful in their endeavor, and the Ottoman Empire was forced to surrender its European territories to the Balkan League on the grounds of the Treaty of London (Papacosma 38).   This treaty was signed on May 30, 1913 (Papacosma 38). Unfortunately, the division of the territories caused disagreement among the Balkan League (Perry 487).   This disagreement was the reason for the second Balkan War.   Bulgaria objected Greece and Serbia’s claims to Macedonia (Papacosma 38).   On June 30, 1913, Bulgaria attacked its former allies (Papacosma 38).   Soon after, Romania and Turkey joined forces with Greece and Serbia to fight Bulgaria (Papacosma 38).   Bulgaria was badly defeated, and was forced to sign the Treaty of Bucharest, which removed all of Bulgaria’s newly acquired territories (Papacosma 38). The overall condition of Greece during the period of the Balkan Wars was problematic.   It was King George who governed Greece at that time, and as a result of the war, Thessaloniki became a Greek territory (Barrett).   In March 1913, it was in Thessaloniki where King George was assassinated (Barrett).   Constantine I assumed the throne soon after (Barrett).   Then there was the presence of Eleftherios Venizelos, who became prime minister three years prior (Barrett). Venizelos had many supporters, but it did not include the king (Barrett).   Venizelos resigned on June 1913, and was elected again only to be forced to resign on October (Barrett).   In Thessaloniki, Venizelos formed a â€Å"provisional government of the New Hellas† (Barrett).   Meanwhile, King Constantine's government was attacked by the French and British because they want Greece to join the war (Barrett).   This forced the king to leave Greece, and was soon replaced by Alexander, the second son of George (Barrett). The beginning of the 20th century found the navy of Greece in a poor state.   At that time, Greece only had three battleships and several torpedo boats (Barrett).   Fortunately, there was a battleship that the Italian navy purchased, but did not use (Barrett).   Greece bought the said ship, and named it after George Averof, a rich patron (Barrett).   This ship was extremely helpful during the Balkan Wars (Barrett). Greek society was unstable as well.   In 1912, villages were attacked and ransacked by the Turkish army (Barrett).   Many Greeks were killed and properties were destroyed.   The villages that were affected include those located in Didymotichon, Adrianopoli and Malgara (Barrett). Hence, amidst social distress and political instability, Greece came to war to fight the Ottoman Empire.   It was indeed victorious, not only in the war, but also in improving the current state that Greece was in. Works Cited Barrett, Matt. â€Å"Venizelos and the Asia Minor Catastrophe.† History of Greece. ;http://www.ahistoryofgreece.com/venizelos.htm;. Papacosma, S. Victor. â€Å"Balkan Wars.† Lexicon Universal Encyclopedia. New York: Lexicon Publications, Inc., 1992. 38. Perry, Marvin. A History of the World. Revised ed. Boston Massachusetts: Houghton Mifflin Company, 1989. Pounds, Norman. â€Å"Balkans.† Lexicon Universal Encyclopedia. New York: Lexicon Publications, Inc., 1992. 38.

Catch-22 and Dr. Strangelove Essay

In Joseph Heller’s novel, Catch-22, and Stanley Kubrick’s film, Dr. Strangelove, the bureaucrats are illustrated as illogical and untrustworthy. Heller’s attention to administrations such as the hospital and the military-establishment are recognized for their unreliable rationality and logic. Similarly, in Dr. Strangelove, Kubrick mocks the absurdities of the nuclear arms race and of the officials of the United States and The Soviet Union as he conveys the malfunction of highly placed government bureaucrats. Catch-22 and Dr. Strangelove, are two satirical and somewhat historical works that effectively comment on the corrupt and perhaps insane bureaucrats. The lives of Yossarian and the men in his squadron in Catch-22 are not determined by their own decisions but instead, by the decisions of the impersonal bureaucracy. The bureaucrats are absolutely oblivious to any attempt the men make to reason with them logically. Major Major, for example, will only see people in his office if he is not there and sends them away when he returns. Doc Daneeka refuses to ground Yossarian for his â€Å"insanity† because Yossarian’s desire to be grounded reveals that he is sane. Doc Daneeka elaborates in his discussion of Orr, Yossarian’s tent-mate. â€Å"Orr was crazy and could be grounded. All he had to do was ask; and as soon as he did, he would no longer be crazy and would have to fly more missions. Orr would be crazy to fly more missions and sane if he didn’t, but if he was sane he had to fly them. If he flew them he was crazy and didn’t have to; but if he didn’t want to he was sane and had to.† (46) Yossarian and the others in his squadron find that what they say and do has little effect on their fate when the bureaucracy controls them. Their only option is to follow the illogical rules and use what is expected of them to their own advantage. Yossarian’s superiors are more concerned with getting a promotion than they are about winning the war. Colonel Cathcart, the colonel in command of Yossarian’s squadron, tries to impress his superiors by â€Å"bravely† volunteering his men for dangerous combat. Cathcart’s only concern is being promoted to general. Cathcart continually raises the number of combat missions required of the men before they can be sent home. Yossarian argues with Doc Daneeka who explains, â€Å"†¦regulations do say you have to obey every order. That’s the catch. Even if the colonel were disobeying a Twenty-seventh Air Force order by making you fly more missions, you’d still have to fly them, or you’d be guilt y of disobeying an order of his.† (58) Similarly, Dr. Strangelove also criticizes the malfunctions of bureaucracy and the inadequacy of officials. General Jack Ripper gives the command to attack the Soviet Union without permission from his superiors or the president. Instead of discussing the idea of an attack with is supervisors, Ripper orders the attack because, according to him; Clemenceau†¦ said war was too important to be left to the generals. When he said that, 50 years ago, he might have been right. But today, war is too important to be left to politicians. They have neither the time, the training, nor the inclination for strategic thought. I can no longer sit back and allow Communist infiltration, Communist indoctrination, Communist subversion and the international Communist conspiracy to sap and impurify all of our precious bodily fluids. -Criticizes the malfunction of bureaucracy. (Dr. Strangelove) Mr. President’s embarrassment about the issue demonstrates bureaucracy does not function appropriately because those lower in command should not determine the launch of nuclear powers. Further exemplifying the inadequacy of the bureaucrats, the Joint Chiefs in the war room show their unprofessional and blatant prejudice, especially toward the Russians. General Buck Turgidson clearly states, â€Å"I’m beginning to smell a big fat Commie rat,† and later refers to them as â€Å"a bunch of ignorant peons.† The Germans are also referred to when Turgidson, upon learning Dr. Strangelove’s original German name, passes it off as â€Å"†¦a Kraut by any other name.† Dr. Strangelove, the character, also calls into question the reliability of people in power. Strangelove is clearly the Presidents scientific adviser in the war room whose appearance copies the mad scientist stereotype with his wild hair, black gloved hand, and his clearly brilliant yet insane mind. Through their presentation of bureaucracy, Heller and Kubrick display why officials and politicians are unfit to make important decisions concerning the safety of the country. Catch-22 conveys this notion through the bureaucracy’s enforcement of impractical rules and Catch-22’s on the eccentric men in Yossarian’s squadron. Kubrick suggests the same concept in Dr. Strangelove by frequently demonstrating the disorder, madness and prejudice of the officials. In either piece, the reader carries away the certainty of the instability of the men in control of important military and national decisions.

4 ventajas de estudiar en los Community Colleges en USA

4 ventajas de estudiar en los Community Colleges en USA Si ests interesado en estudiar una  carrera universitaria en Estados Unidos, los Community Colleges son una opcià ³n a considerar para cursar los dos primeros aà ±os. La estadà ­sticas ponen de relieve la importancia de los Community Colleges dentro del sistema universitario de los Estados Unidos. Segà ºn el Community College Research Center, el 45 por ciento de los estudiantes universitarios en el paà ­s realizan sus estudios en uno de esos centros. Esto es, ms de ocho millones de estudiantes, de los cuales ms de la mitad estudian a tiempo parcial. Quà © son los Community Colleges   El nombre de Community Colleges se refiere a instituciones universitarias que otorgan un Associates Degree al estudiante que finaliza sus estudios y requieren haber completado 60 crà ©ditos en cursos semestrales. Por contra, los colleges y universidades otorgan un tà ­tulo universitario en la forma de Bachelor ´s Degree y es necesario haber finalizado 120 crà ©ditos. Los Community Colleges tambià ©n se conocen con el nombre de Technical Colleges o Junior Colleges, incluso County Colleges. En las diferentes zonas geogrficas de Estados Unidos hay la costumbre de llamarle de distinta forma. En todo caso, es lo mismo. T ambià ©n se le conoce como instituciones de dos aà ±os, ya que si se estudia a tiempo completo y satisfactoriamente los cursos se finalizan en ese tiempo. Si no ests familiarizado con los Community Colleges y te gustarà ­a realizar estudios universitarios en Estados Unidos, deberà ­as tener en cuenta las siguientes razones para determinar si estudiar los primeros dos aà ±os en ese tipo de institucià ³n es una buena opcià ³n para ti. El costo de los Community Colleges es mucho ms asequible que el de las Universidades de 4 aà ±os El ahorro puede ser muy grande y servir para pagar gastos como alimentacià ³n, libros de texto, viajes, etc. La mayorà ­a de los Community Colleges son pà ºblicos, aunque tambià ©n los hay privados. Estos à ºltimos son ms caros, pero siguen siendo un ahorro notable en comparacià ³n con Universidades y Colleges. Adems, en la mayorà ­a de los estados hay una diferencia en el precio de la matrà ­cula (tuition) entre in state y out of state. Los que califican como in state, es decir, los residentes en ese estado generalmente pagan mucho menos que los de out of state (aunque no siempre es asà ­). Ciudadanos, residentes, refugiados y asilados que vivan en un determinado estado y cumplan con requisitos adicionales que dependen de cada estado pueden calificar para una matrà ­cula in state. Si los indocumentados califican o no para esa calificar depende del estado. Pero en muchos de ellos, sà ­ que se pueden beneficiar y pagar como in state, si realmente residen en el estado. (Si eres un muchacho o muchacha indocumentado  calificado como Dreamer y todavà ­a no has aplicado por la Accià ³n Diferida, considera hacerlo y valora sus posibles ventajas). Los estudiantes internacionales (visas F-1 o M-1) deben pagar como out of state.   Ejemplo de ahorro en coste de pago de matrà ­cula en community college frente a universidad La Universidad de Texas es pà ºblica y prestigiosa con muchos centros. Estudiar en su campus de cuatro aà ±os de Austin tiene un costo de matrà ­cula anual para el curso que empieza en octubre de 2014  de $34,722 para los estudiantes out of state. Y de $9,798 para los in  state. En comparacià ³n, Central Texas Community College, tambià ©n pà ºblico, tiene un costo por aà ±o para el curso que empieza en octubre de 2014 de $6,270 para estudiantes out of state y de $2,130 para los que pueden calificar como in state. En comparacià ³n, Rice University, tambià ©n radicada en Texas pero privada, tiene un costo de matrà ­cula anual para el mismo periodo de $40,665, para todo tipo de estudiantes, ya que al ser una institucià ³n privada no hace distinciones entre residentes en el estado y los que no lo son a la hora de determinar  cunto cuesta la matrà ­cula en ms de 1,000 Community Colleges Menores exigencias en los tests  de ingreso, como TOEFL, SATS o similares Aunque cada centro tiene sus propias reglas, en general admiten estudiantes con resultados ms bajos en los exmenes estandarizados como TOEFL, SATS y equivalentes. O puede suceder que incluso no sean un requisito. Adems, conviene tener en cuenta que los que son pà ºblicos pueden tener normas que los obliguen a aceptar dentro de su sistema a los estudiantes residentes en el estado que han obtenido su graduacià ³n de high school o equivalente, tipo GED. Esto no sucede con los estudiantes internacionales ni con los residentes de otros estados de la Unià ³n Americana. Pero sà ­ que merece resaltar que los requisitos de ingreso son, en general, ms fciles de obtener que los que piden las universidades y colleges de cuatro aà ±os. Por lo tanto, para los estudiantes que todavà ­a no se sienten cà ³modos acadà ©micamente con el inglà ©s, los Community Colleges pueden ser una gran opcià ³n. Excelente oportunidad para familiarizarse con el sistema educativo universitario de los Estados Unidos Los estudios en un Community College son dos aà ±os en los que se puede mejorar notablemente el conocimiento del inglà ©s y sus particularidades acadà ©micas. Adems, brinda la oportunidad de conocer y entender el sistema de crà ©ditos, requisitos, reas de concentracià ³n  (mayors), titulaciones, etc. Esto puede ser recomendable para los estudiantes extranjeros que no han cursado ningà ºn aà ±o de high school en Estados Unidos y desconocen el sistema de estudios. Ofrecen una titulacià ³n en sà ³lo dos aà ±os El tà ­tulo que se gana al completar los crà ©ditos es el de Associates Degree y se conoce como Diploma o Certificate. En muchos casos es suficiente para desempeà ±ar profesiones como algunos tipos bsicos de enfermerà ­a, maestro de educacià ³n temprana, paralegal, tà ©cnico de laboratorio, etc. En otros, se puede utilizar como un trampolà ­n para acceder a una universidad o college de cuatro aà ±os y asà ­ ganar una titulacià ³n universitaria completa. Si ests pensando en aplicar, recuerda que es conveniente hacerlo a ms de una (entre seis y ocho o incluso diez se considera prctica estndar). Y estos son los  ocho tipos de documentacià ³n que vas a necesitar para aplicar a la universidad  y a muchos colleges, por lo que es muy importante planear con tiempo. A pesar de las ventajas que supone estudiar en un Community College y por lo que deberà ­a ser una opcià ³n a considerar, tambià ©n hay que tener presente los siguientes inconvenientes Posible dificultad  para hacer un transfer a una universidad de cuatro aà ±os No todas las universidades y colleges aceptan estudiantes que han realizado parte de sus estudios en otra institucià ³n. O, si los aceptan, imponen condiciones duras para transferir los crà ©ditos ya estudiados. Por esta razà ³n, si lo que se pretende es estudiar una carrera de cuatro aà ±os es obligatorio   asegurarse saber  cuntas universidades y garantizan la admisià ³n de los estudiantes del Community College que se est considerando como una  opcià ³n  para estudiar los dos primeros aà ±os. La admisià ³n est garantizada siempre y cuando se haya cursado un determinado nà ºmero de crà ©ditos y el GPA (calificacià ³n media de los cursos realizados) està © dentro del mà ­nimo  aceptado por la Universidad. Adems, hay universidades que aceptan de buena gana estudiantes internacionales provenientes  de Community Colleges prestigiosos por considerar que ya conocen el sistema acadà ©mico americano. Eso puede ser asà ­ aunque no tengan firmado ningà ºn acuerdo. En estos casos va a depender de la calidad y mà ©ritos de los estudiantes. Para evitar problemas en los transfer analizar en detalle los Community Colleges que pueden ser una opcià ³n.   En el caso de estudiantes internacionales preguntar quà © tipo de apoyo tienen para acomodarse al sistema de vida americano y para mejorar en el inglà ©s. Opciones de visa para los estudiantes internacionales La visa de estudiante ms comà ºn es la F-1 y, en el caso de estudios vocacionales, la M-1. Pero a veces ms que estudiar una carrera lo que se quiere es practicar el inglà ©s y vivir unos meses en USA. En estos casos es recomendable tener en cuenta los  distintos programas que conforman la visa J-1 de intercambio, ya que en algunos casos podrà ­an ser convenientes.   Otra opcià ³n para los estudiantes que viven en Mà ©xico o Canad cerca de la frontera es solicitar una visa F-3, que les permite conocer el sistema educativo estadounidense sin necesidad de tener que vivir en los Estados Unidos. Posibles problemas para sacar la visa de estudiante Si el dinero no es un problema y te han admitido de una buena universidad de cuatro aà ±os, acepta. Los Community Colleges son una buena opcià ³n, dependiendo de las caracterà ­sticas de cada estudiante, incluso pueden ser la mejor opcià ³n en casos de inglà ©s limitado o cuando el dinero va muy justo. Pero si hay la oportunidad de ir a una buena universidad, esa deberà ­a ser siempre la primera opcià ³n. Adems, si eres estudiante internacional, aplicar para un Community College puede ser visto como sospechoso por el oficial consular que debe aprobar la visa de estudiante. Es importante conocer las causas que pueden convertir a una persona en inelegible para una visa no inmigrante, entre las que se encuentra la de estudiante. Adems, estas son  22 causas que convierten a una persona en inadmisible para ingresar a Estados Unidos. De interà ©s Si eres una persona recià ©n llegada a los Estados Unidos, es conveniente familiarizarse con las leyes y costumbres del paà ­s. Por ejemplo, para los jà ³venes es de relevancia saber cules  son las leyes de edad del consentimiento sexual.   Es importante conocer las que aplican en el estado en el que se vive. Ignorarlas puede tener efectos migratorios malos para los estudiantes internacionales. Este es un artà ­culo informativo. No es asesorà ­a legal.